Kune marudzi matatu egirazi rakafuratirwa munyika nhasi: dhizaini yakatsetseka, nzira yekuyangarara uye calendering.Girazi rinoyangarara, iro rinoita zvinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ezvese kugadzirwa kwegirazi pari zvino, ndicho chinhu chikuru chekuvakisa mugirazi rekuvaka repasi.Float glass production process yakavambwa muna 1952, iyo yakaisa mwero wepasi rose wemhando yepamusoro yekugadzira girazi.Iyo inoyangarara girazi process inosanganisira matanho mashanu makuru:
● zvinhu
● kunyunguduka
● kugadzira uye kupfeka
● annealing
● kucheka uye kurongedza
Ingredients
Batching ndiyo nhanho yekutanga, iyo inogadzirira mbishi zvinhu zvekunyunguduka.Zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira jecha, dolomite, limestone, soda ash uye mirabilite, izvo zvinotakurwa nerori kana chitima.Izvi zvinhu zvakasvibirira zvinochengeterwa mubatching room.Kune silos, hoppers, mabhandi ekutakurisa, chute, vaunganidzi veguruva uye anodiwa ekudzora masisitimu mukamuri yemidziyo, ayo anodzora kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa uye kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvebatch.Kubva panguva iyo zvinhu zvakasvibirira zvinounzwa kuimba yemidziyo, zvinogara zvichifamba.
Mukati mekamuri yekubatira, bhandi refu rakafuratira rekutakura rinoramba richitakura zvinhu zvakabikwa kubva mumasilo emhando dzakasiyana siyana kuenda kune bhaketi rekusimudzira dhizaini nekurongeka, uye zvino rozoatumira kune chinoyeresa mudziyo kuti chitarise huremu hwadzo.Zvimedu zvegirazi zvakadzokororwa kana mitsara yekugadzira inodzoka ichawedzerwa kune izvi zvinongedzo.Batch rimwe nerimwe rinenge 10-30% yakaputsika girazi.Zvinhu zvakaoma zvinowedzerwa mumusanganisi uye zvinosanganiswa mubatch.Batch yakasanganiswa inotumirwa kubva mukamuri yekubatira kuenda kuchoto yemusoro silo yekuchengetera kuburikidza nebhandi rekutakura, uye yozowedzerwa muchoto pamwero unodzorwa neanodyisa.
Yakajairika Girazi Kuumbwa
Cullet Yard
Dyisa Izvo zvakasanganiswa Raw Materials muInlet yevira Kusvika 1650 madhigirii ane Hopper.
Melting
Choto chakajairwa ivira remoto rinochinjika rine maregenerator matanhatu, anosvika 25 metres yakafara uye 62 metres yakafara, ine zuva nezuva kugadzirwa kwematani mazana mashanu.Zvikamu zvikuru zvechoto imvura inonyunguduka / clarifier, dziva rekushanda, regenerator uye diki diki.Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4, inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoramba uye ine chimiro chesimbi pane yekunze furemu.Iyo batch inotumirwa kudziva rekunyunguduka rechoto neanodyisa, uye dziva rekunyungudutsa rinodziiswa kusvika 1650 ℃ nepfuti yegasi yekupfapfaidza.
Girazi rakanyungudutswa rinoyerera kubva mudziva rinonyunguduka richienda kunzvimbo yemutsipa kuburikidza nemujekesi uye rinomutswa zvakaenzana.Zvadaro inoyerera ichipinda muchikamu chekushanda uye inotonhora zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika kune anenge 1100 madhigirii kuti iite kuti isvike kune chaiyo viscosity isati yasvika pabhati yerata.
Kugadzira uye Coating
Iyo nzira yekugadzira yakajekeswa girazi remvura mundiro yegirazi inzira yekugadzira michina zvinoenderana nemaitiro echisikigo echigadzirwa, uye ukobvu hwechisikigo hwechinhu ichi 6.88 mm.Girazi remvura rinoyerera richibuda muchoto kuburikidza nenzvimbo yechiteshi, uye kuyerera kwayo kunodzorwa negonhi rinogadziriswa rinonzi gondohwe, rinenge ± 0.15 mm yakadzika mukati megirazi remvura.Inoyangarara pamarata akanyungudutswa - saka zita rekuti float glass.Girazi uye tini hazviiti pamwe chete uye zvinogona kuparadzaniswa;Kusawirirana kwavo muchimiro chemolecular kunoita kuti girazi rive rakatsetseka.
Iyo yekugezera chikamu chakavharwa mune inodzorwa nitrogen uye hydrogen atmosphere.Inosanganisira kutsigira simbi, kumusoro uye pasi mabhomba, refractories, tin uye kudziyisa zvinhu, kuderedza mhepo, tembiricha sensors, komputa process control system, anenge 8 metres yakafara uye 60 metres kureba, uye mutsara wekugadzira kumhanya unogona kusvika 25 metres / miniti.Iyo yekugezera yerata ine matani angangoita mazana maviri emarata akachena, ane avhareji tembiricha ye800 ℃.Kana girazi rikaita dhadha rakatetepa pakupera kwerata yekugezera, inodaidzwa kuti ndiro yegirazi, uye nhevedzano yeinogadzirika inodhonza mupendero inoshanda mativi ese.Mushandi anoshandisa chirongwa chekudzora kuseta kumhanya kweannealing kiln uye edge yekudhirowa muchina.Ukobvu hwegirazi ndiro inogona kuva pakati pe0.55 ne25 mm.Iyo yepamusoro partition heat element inoshandiswa kudzora tembiricha yegirazi.Sezvo ndiro yegirazi inoramba ichiyerera nemubhati rerata, tembiricha yegirazi ndiro inodonha zvishoma nezvishoma, ichiita kuti girazi riparare uye rifanane.Panguva ino, acuracoat inogona kushandiswa ® Pamutsara wekugadzira firimu inofungidzira, yakaderera e firimu, solar control film, photovoltaic film uye self-cleaning film papyrolysis CVD equipment.Panguva ino, girazi rakagadzirira kutonhora.
Bath Cross Chikamu
Girazi racho rinowaridzwa kuita mutsetse mutete pagaba rakanyungudutswa, rochengetwa rakaparadzana nerata, rogadzirwa ndiro.
Iyo yakarembera yekudziya chinhu inopa kupisa kugovera, uye hupamhi uye ukobvu hwegirazi hunodzorwa nekumhanya uye kona yemupendero wekudhonza.
Annealing
Kana girazi rakaumbwa richisiya bhati rerata, tembiricha yegirazi i600 ℃.Kana ndiro yegirazi yakanyoroveswa mumhepo, pamusoro pegirazi inotonhora nekukurumidza kupfuura mukati megirazi, izvo zvinokonzeresa kudzvanya kwepamusoro uye kukuvadza mukati megirazi ndiro.
Chikamu cheAnealing Kiln
Kupisa kwegirazi kusati kwatanga uye mushure mekuumbwa ndiyowo maitiro ekugadzirisa kwemukati kushushikana.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kudzora kupisa kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza girazi tembiricha kune ambient tembiricha, kureva, annealing.Muchokwadi, kuvharisa kunoitwa muhuni yekupisa yekushisa isati yaiswa (ona Mufananidzo 7) inosvika 6 metres yakafara uye 120 metres kureba.Iyo annealing kiln inosanganisira magetsi anodzorwa kudziyisa zvinhu uye mafeni kuchengetedza kuchinjika tembiricha kugovera kwemagirazi egirazi kugadzikana.
Mhedzisiro yeannealing process ndeyekuti girazi rinonyatso kutonhorera kusvika kune tembiricha yekamuri pasina kushushikana kwechinguvana kana kushushikana.
Kucheka Uye Packaging
Magirazi egirazi akatonhodzwa nehovhoni yekubira anotakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekucheka kuburikidza netafura inomonereka yakabatana neyekutyaira system yeanealing kiln.Girazi rinopfuudza iyo ye-on-line yekuongorora system kuti ibvise chero chakakanganisika, uye inochekwa nedhaimondi yekucheka vhiri kuti ibvise mupendero wegirazi (iyo yekumucheto zvinhu inodzokororwa segirazi rakaputsika).Zvadaro cheka muhukuru hunodiwa nemutengi.Iro girazi rinosaswa nehupfu hwepakati, kuitira kuti mahwendefa egirazi anogona kurongedzerwa uye kuchengetwa kuti asanamatirana kana kukwenya.Zvadaro, mahwendefa egirazi asina mhosva anokamurwa kuita matanda ekurongedza nemichina yemanyorero kana otomatiki, uye anoendeswa kudura rekuchengetedza kana kutumira kune vatengi.
Mushure mekunge Girazi Yegirazi Yasiya Kiln Inosungirira, Iyo Girazi Yegirazi Yakagadzirwa Zvizere uye Yakaendeswa Kunzvimbo Inotonhorera Kuenderera Kudzikisa Kupisa.